Exam reviewer
Pharmacist Licensure Exam (PhLE) reviewer
Mondspace (mondspace.app) is a review app for pharmacy graduates preparing for the Pharmacist Licensure Exam (PhLE), which is run by PRC. It covers the exam area by area and subject by subject, and every question comes with a full explanation. Free to start.
What the PhLE track covers
The outline below is read from the live app. It follows the exam's own Table of Specifications, area by area. Open a subject to see its topics.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
General Inorganic and Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemical Kinetics
- Chemical Equilibrium
- Acid-Base Chemistry
- Buffer Systems
- Inorganic Chemical Reactions
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Compounds and Elements
- Atomic Structure and Periodic Properties
- Hydrogen and Oxygen Compounds
- Alkali Metals
- Alkaline-Earth Metals
- Boron and Aluminum Compounds
- Carbon and Silicon Compounds
- Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds
- Sulfur Compounds
- Halogens
- Transition and Heavy Metals
Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Necessities
- Major Electrolytes
- Essential and Trace Elements
- Gastrointestinal Inorganic Agents
- Topical Inorganic Agents
- Dental Products
- Respiratory Inorganic Agents
- Inorganic Antidotes
- Pharmaceutical Aids and Excipients
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Contrast Media
General Organic and Physicochemical Medicinal Chemistry
- Organic Chemical Structure
- Functional Groups
- Organic Nomenclature
- Stereochemistry
- Physicochemical Properties of Drugs
- Drug-Receptor Interactions
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Drug Design Principles
Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry of Anti-Infective Agents
- Drug Metabolism
- Sulfonamides
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides
- Fluoroquinolones
- Antitubercular Agents
- Antifungal Agents
- Antimalarial Agents
- Antineoplastic Agents
Medicinal Chemistry of Nervous System and Related Drugs
- Adrenergic Drugs
- Cholinergic Drugs
- CNS Depressants
- Anticonvulsants
- CNS Stimulants
- Opioid Analgesics
- Nonopioid Analgesics and NSAIDs
- Local Anesthetics
- Antihistamines
Medicinal Chemistry of Cardiovascular, Endocrine and Biomolecular Drugs plus Qualitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Diuretics
- Cardiovascular Drugs
- Steroidal Drugs
- Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Qualitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
General Principles of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics
- Fundamental Pharmacologic Concepts
- Drug-Receptor Interactions
- Major Receptor Families
- Agonism and Antagonism
- Dose-Response Relationships
- Changes in Drug Responsiveness
Drug Absorption, Routes of Administration and Bioavailability
- Drug Movement Across Biological Membranes
- Physicochemical Factors Affecting Absorption
- Gastrointestinal Drug Absorption
- Routes of Administration
- First-Pass Effect
- Bioavailability
- Bioequivalence
Drug Distribution and Protein Binding
- Principles of Distribution
- Physiologic Compartments
- Apparent Volume of Distribution
- Plasma Protein Binding
- Factors Altering Protein Binding
- Specialized Distribution Barriers
- Drug Redistribution
Drug Metabolism and Biotransformation
- Principles of Drug Metabolism
- Sites of Drug Metabolism
- Phase I Reactions
- Cytochrome P450 System
- Phase II Reactions
- Enzyme Induction
- Enzyme Inhibition
- Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism
- First-Pass Metabolism
Drug Elimination, Excretion and Clearance
- Fundamental Elimination Concepts
- Renal Excretion
- Urinary pH and Drug Excretion
- Nonrenal Routes of Excretion
- Enterohepatic Recycling
- Clearance
- Hepatic Clearance
- Renal Function and Dose Adjustment
Quantitative Pharmacokinetics and Compartment Models
- Plasma Concentration-Time Curves
- First-Order Kinetics
- Zero-Order Kinetics
- Half-Life
- One-Compartment Model
- Two-Compartment Model
- Area Under the Curve
- Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics
Multiple Dosing, Steady State and Dosage-Regimen Design
- Repeated Drug Administration
- Steady-State Concentration
- Continuous IV Infusion
- Loading Dose
- Maintenance Dose
- Dose Adjustment
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Systemic Pharmacology and Major Therapeutic Drug Classes
- Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology
- Cardiovascular and Renal Pharmacology
- Central Nervous System Pharmacology
- Endocrine Pharmacology
- Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
- Anti-Infective Pharmacology
- Inflammation, Pain and Immunopharmacology
- Hematologic Pharmacology
Core Pharmacokinetic Calculations
- Core Pharmacokinetic Calculations
Pharmacognosy and Biochemistry
Biomolecules, Enzymes, and Molecular Biochemistry
- Foundations of Biochemistry
- Cell Biochemistry
- Water, pH, and Buffers
- Amino Acids
- Proteins
- Enzymology
- Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrate and Energy Metabolism
- Carbohydrate Chemistry
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate Metabolism
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Glycogen Metabolism
- Gluconeogenesis
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Fructose and Galactose Metabolism
- Blood Glucose Regulation
Lipid, Amino Acid, Vitamin, and Integrated Metabolism
- Lipid Chemistry
- Lipid Digestion and Transport
- Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Ketone Bodies
- Cholesterol Metabolism
- Amino Acid Metabolism
- Urea Cycle
- Specialized Amino Acid Pathways
- Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
- Vitamins and Minerals
- Integrated Metabolism
- Heme and Hemoglobin
Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Crude Drug Evaluation
- Introduction to Pharmacognosy
- Classification of Crude Drugs
- Organized and Unorganized Drugs
- Production of Crude Drugs
- Factors Affecting Drug Quality
- Evaluation of Crude Drugs
- Quantitative Microscopy
- Quality Constants
- Adulteration and Authentication
- Extraction and Separation
Natural Products and Plant Constituents
- Biosynthesis of Natural Products
- Pharmacognostic Carbohydrates
- Gums and Mucilages
- Glycosides
- Tannins
- Flavonoids and Phenolics
- Fixed Oils, Fats, and Waxes
- Volatile Oils
- Resins and Resin Combinations
- Alkaloids
- Terpenoids
- Steroidal Natural Products
Applied Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants, and Natural Pharmaceutical Products
- Philippine Medicinal Plants
- Major Classical Crude Drugs
- Natural Enzymes and Proteins
- Natural Vitamins and Nutritional Products
- Natural Hormonal Products
- Natural Antibiotics
- Biologics and Biotechnology
- Plant Biotechnology
- Herbal Medicines and Health Foods
- Phytochemical Screening
- Chromatographic and Instrumental Identification
- Herbal Drug Quality Control
Pharmaceutics
Physical Pharmacy and Preformulation
- States and Properties of Matter
- Solubility and Dissolution
- Partitioning and Distribution
- Ionization, pH and Buffers
- Surface and Interfacial Phenomena
- Rheology
- Micromeritics
- Diffusion and Membrane Transport
Liquid Dosage Forms and Pharmaceutical Solutions
- Pharmaceutical Solutions
- Oral Solutions
- Syrups
- Elixirs
- Other Pharmaceutical Liquids
- Pharmaceutical Excipients for Liquids
Pharmaceutical Disperse Systems
- Fundamentals of Disperse Systems
- Suspensions
- Emulsions
- Colloidal Systems
Solid Oral Dosage Forms
- Pharmaceutical Powders
- Granules
- Tablets Fundamentals
- Tablet Excipients
- Tablet Manufacturing
- Tablet Defects
- Tablet Coating
- Tablet Evaluation
- Hard-Shell Capsules
- Soft-Gelatin Capsules
Semisolid, Rectal and Vaginal Dosage Forms
- Ointments
- Creams
- Pastes
- Gels and Jellies
- Suppositories
- Transdermal Systems
Sterile Products, Ophthalmics and Special Drug-Delivery Systems
- Parenteral Preparations
- Sterility and Aseptic Processing
- Sterilization Methods
- Isotonicity
- Ophthalmic Preparations
- Aerosols and Inhalation Products
- Modified and Controlled Drug Delivery
- Vesicular and Particulate Delivery Systems
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, GMP and Product Stability
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities
- Good Manufacturing Practice
- Documentation
- Materials Management
- Manufacturing Operations
- Equipment
- Validation and Qualification
- Scale-Up and Technology Transfer
- Pharmaceutical Stability
- Chemical Kinetics in Stability
- Stability Studies
- Pharmaceutical Packaging
Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence and Ethics
- Philippine Pharmacy Act
- FDA Regulation of Pharmaceutical Products
- Manufacturing Regulatory Compliance
- Pharmaceutical Labeling
- Professional Ethics
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Pharmaceutical Quality Control and Compendial Drug Testing
- Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Quality Control
- Pharmacopoeias and Official Standards
- Identification Tests
- Purity and Impurity Testing
- Assay and Content Determination
- Solid Dosage Form Testing
- Capsule Testing
- Liquid Pharmaceutical Testing
- Semisolid Pharmaceutical Testing
- Sterile Product Quality Tests
Pharmaceutical Instrumental Analysis
- Fundamentals of Instrumental Analysis
- UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
- Infrared Spectroscopy
- Fluorimetry
- Atomic Spectroscopic Methods
- Thin-Layer Chromatography
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Gas Chromatography
- Electroanalytical Techniques
- Refractometry, Polarimetry and Other Physical Methods
Analytical Method Development, Validation and Laboratory Quality
- Analytical Procedure Development
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Specificity and Selectivity
- Linearity and Response
- Range
- Detection and Quantitation Limits
- Robustness
- System Suitability
- Laboratory Documentation and Data Handling
- Out-of-Specification and Atypical Results
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, GMP and Quality Systems
- Quality Management Concepts
- Good Manufacturing Practice
- Personnel
- Premises and Facilities
- Equipment
- Materials Management
- Documentation
- Good Documentation Practices and Data Integrity
- Deviations and Nonconformances
- Corrective and Preventive Action
- Change Control
- Quality Risk Management
- Complaints and Product Defects
- Product Recall
- Self-Inspection and Quality Audit
- Supplier and Contract Quality
Validation, Qualification and Stability Assurance
- Principles of Validation
- Equipment Qualification
- Process Validation
- Cleaning Validation
- Analytical Method Validation
- Computerized System Validation
- Stability Testing
- Pharmaceutical Degradation
- Packaging and Container-Closure Quality
Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Quality Control
- General Microbiology
- Microbial Growth and Cultivation
- Microscopy and Staining
- Microbial Identification
- Sterilization
- Disinfection and Antisepsis
- Sterility Testing
- Microbial Limits Testing
- Bacterial Endotoxins and Pyrogens
- Preservative Effectiveness
- Environmental Monitoring
- Cleanrooms and Aseptic Processing
- Pharmaceutical Water Microbiology
Public Health, Pharmaceutical Sanitation and Quality Surveillance
- Fundamentals of Public Health
- Epidemiologic Concepts
- Chain of Infection
- Infection Prevention and Control
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
- Pharmaceutical Waste Management
- Communicable Disease Control
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Immunization Fundamentals
- Post-Marketing Quality Surveillance
- Quality Defects as Public-Health Risks
Practice of Pharmacy
Prescription Processing, Dispensing and Medication Counseling
- Foundations of Dispensing
- Parts of a Prescription
- Types of Prescriptions and Medication Orders
- Reading and Interpreting Prescriptions
- Prescription Validation
- Generic Dispensing and Product Selection
- Packaging and Containers
- Labeling of Dispensed Medicines
- Patient Medication Counseling
Extemporaneous and Nonsterile Compounding
- Principles of Pharmaceutical Compounding
- Compounding Equipment and Techniques
- Powders and Divided Preparations
- Capsules
- Solutions
- Suspensions
- Emulsions
- Semisolid Preparations
- Suppositories
- Stability and Beyond-Use Considerations
Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care
- Pharmaceutical Care Process
- Medication History
- Patient Profile
- Identification of Drug-Related Problems
- Clinical Pharmacist Intervention
- Medication Therapy Monitoring
- Medication Safety
- Adherence and Patient Behavior
Clinical Information, Medical Charts and Laboratory Interpretation
- Medical Chart
- Clinical and Medical Abbreviations
- Medical Terminology
- Vital Signs and Physical Assessment
- Hematology Tests
- Renal Function Tests
- Liver Function Tests
- Electrolytes and Metabolic Tests
- Lipid and Cardiovascular Tests
- Microbiological and Therapeutic Monitoring
Hospital and Institutional Pharmacy
- Organization of Hospital Pharmacy
- Medication-Use Process
- Drug Procurement and Inventory
- Hospital Drug Distribution Systems
- Unit-Dose Drug Distribution
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee
- Hospital Formulary System
- Drug Information Service
- Medication-Use Evaluation
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring
- Medication Error Management
- Sterile Products and Parenteral Admixture Service
- Intravenous Therapy
- Parenteral Nutrition
- Hospital Compounding
- Emergency Pharmacy Services
- Discharge and Transition-of-Care Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Calculations
- Systems of Measurement
- Ratio and Proportion
- Percentage Strength
- Ratio Strength
- Parts per Million and Related Expressions
- Dilution and Concentration
- Alligation
- Enlargement and Reduction of Formulas
- Specific Gravity and Density
- Dose Calculations
- Pediatric Dose Calculations
- Body Surface Area
- Ideal or Adjusted Body-Weight Calculations
- Electrolyte Calculations
- Milliosmoles and Osmolarity
- Isotonicity
- IV Flow-Rate Calculations
- IV Medication Calculations
- Reconstitution Calculations
- Compounding Quantity Calculations
- Creatinine Clearance
- Nutrition Calculations
- Days' Supply and Quantity Dispensed
How Mondspace helps you review for the PhLE
- Practice questions with a full explanation after every answer.
- Flashcards, including fill-in-the-blank cards, for what you keep forgetting.
- Timed mock boards that follow the exam's own areas.
- A progress view that shows which subjects are strong and which are not.
- My Reviewer: upload your own notes and drill from them.
Questions
Is it Mondspace or Mindspace?
Mondspace, spelled M-O-N-D-S-P-A-C-E. It is a brand name, not a typo, and it is a different product from Mindspace. Search for "mondspace.app" to find us.
Is Mondspace affiliated with PRC?
No. Mondspace is an independent review tool. It is not affiliated with the PRC, CSC, NAPOLCOM or any review center.
Can I try the PhLE track before paying?
Yes. It is free to start. Make an account and open the Pharmacist Licensure Exam (PhLE) track.